Skip to main content
. 2026 Mar 16;15(1):37–43. doi: 10.34172/jcs.026.33678

Table 2. Participant familial characteristics .

Variables N (%)
Perceived monthly family income
Income less than expenses 315 (29.6)
Income matching expenses 658 (61.8)
Income more than expenses 91 (8.6)
Maternal educational attainment
Illiterate 105 (9.9)
Primary school 545 (51.2)
Secondary school 176 (16.5)
High school 182 (17.1)
Undergraduate 48 (4.5)
Postgraduate 8 (0.8)
Paternal educational attainment
Illiterate 13 (1.2)
Primary school 411 (38.6)
Secondary school 203 (19.1)
High school 294 (27.6)
Undergraduate 130 (12.2)
Postgraduate 13 (1.2)
Family structure
Core family 922 (86.7)
Extended family 136 (12.8)
Other 6 (0.6)
Living with an older adult
Yes 539 (50.7)
No 525 (49.3)
Parents’ living together
Together 960 (90.2)
Separated or divorced 59 (5.5)
Deceased 45 (4.2)
Parent-child relationship
Good 775 (72.8)
Moderate 262 (24.6)
Bad 27 (2.5)
Desiring to live with an older adult family member in the future
Yes 513 (48.2)
No 551 (51.8)