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. 2026 Jun 22;14:1843368. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1843368

Table 3.

Kano attribute classification of physical fitness promotion needs among healthy older adults.

Service A O M I R Q Kano classification
Establishment of personal health records 15.30% 12.83% 49.67% 19.24% 1.97% 0.99% M
Routine physical fitness assessment 14.14% 8.22% 60.53% 13.16% 2.96% 0.99% M
Diverse testing venues 48.03% 11.18% 8.22% 18.09% 4.93% 9.55% A
Age-friendly testing indicators 33.88% 6.41% 13.49% 44.08% 1.32% 0.82% I
Physical fitness risk alerts 16.78% 40.30% 18.09% 13.32% 7.73% 3.78% O
Interpretation of physical fitness risks 10.86% 46.88% 20.56% 19.24% 1.97% 0.49% O
Physical fitness risk grading 20.23% 38.49% 19.24% 14.63% 4.61% 2.80% O
Synchronization of physical fitness risks 20.72% 11.18% 22.04% 41.78% 1.97% 2.30% I
Personalized exercise prescription 15.63% 16.12% 42.93% 14.97% 6.58% 3.78% M
Scientific exercise guidance 55.59% 12.83% 10.53% 19.08% 0.99% 0.98% A
Healthy lifestyle guidance 39.47% 11.68% 18.09% 27.80% 0.99% 1.97% A
Organization of social activities 16.61% 37.34% 21.71% 15.79% 2.96% 5.59% O
Medical follow-up 31.91% 6.41% 12.83% 43.42% 3.62% 1.81% I
Family rehabilitation training 18.42% 1.97% 32.57% 43.58% 2.14% 1.32% I
Periodic reassessment 15.30% 10.20% 50.65% 18.91% 2.80% 2.14% M
Family involvement 7.07% 6.25% 10.53% 34.70% 39.31% 2.14% R

A: attractive attribute, O: one-dimensional attribute, M: must-be attribute, I: indifferent attribute, R: reverse attribute, Q: questionable attribute; the same applies below.