TABLE 2.
Hypertension in young adult individuals with type 1 diabetes and controls – total and stratified according to sex
| Total | Male | Female | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | T1D | Controls | ρ | T1D | Controls | ρ | T1D | Controls | ρ |
| Participants | 82 | 41 | 29 | 10 | 53 | 31 | |||
| Office BPa | |||||||||
| Elevated BP (≥120/80 mmHg) | 26 (32%) | 4 (10%) | 0.007 | 8 (28%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 18 (34%) | 3 (10%) | 0.011 |
| Stage 1 hypertension (≥130/80 mmHg) | 10 (12%) | 1 (2%) | ns | 2 (7%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 8 (15%) | 0 | 0.023 |
| Stage 2 hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) | 3 (4%) | 0 | ns | – | – | 3 (6%) | 0 | ns | |
| Blood pressure goal in diabetesb (≥130/80 mmHg) | 10 (12%) | 1 (2%) | ns | 2 (7%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 8 (15%) | 0 | 0.023 |
| Isolated SBP (≥140 mmHg, DBP ≤90 mmHg)c | 7 (9%) | 0 | ns | 4 (14%) | 0 | ns | 3 (6%) | 0 | ns |
| ABPMc | |||||||||
| 24-h Hypertension (≥130/80 mmHg) | 11 (13%) | 0 | 0.015 | 3 (10%) | 0 | ns | 8 (15%) | 0 | 0.024 |
| Daytime hypertension (≥135/85 mmHg) | 11 (13%) | 1 (2%) | ns | 3 (10%) | 0 | ns | 8 (15%) | 1 (3%) | ns |
| Nighttime hypertension (≥120/70 mmHg) | 14 (17%) | 1 (2%) | 0.020 | 6 (15%) | 0 | ns | 8 (15%) | 1 (3%) | ns |
| ABPMa | |||||||||
| 24-h Elevated blood pressure (≥115/75 mmHg) | 25 (30%) | 3 (7%) | 0.003 | 8 (20%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 17 (32%) | 2 (6%) | 0.007 |
| 24-h stage 1 hypertension (≥125/75 mmHg) | 24 (29%) | 2 (5%) | 0.002 | 8 (20%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 16 (30%) | 1 (3%) | 0.004 |
| 24-h stage 2 hypertension (≥130/80 mmHg) | 11 (13%) | 0 | 0.015 | 3 (10%) | 0 | ns | 8 (15%) | 0 | 0.024 |
| Daytime elevated blood pressure (≥120/80 mmHg) | 24 (29%) | 3 (7%) | 0.005 | 7 (24%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 17 (32%) | 2 (6%) | 0.007 |
| Daytime stage 1 hypertension (≥130/80 mmHg) | 23 (28%) | 3 (7%) | 0.009 | 7 (24%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 16 (30%) | 2 (6%) | 0.012 |
| Daytime stage 2 hypertension (≥135/85 mmHg) | 11 (13%) | 1 (2%) | ns | 3 (10%) | 0 | ns | 8 (15%) | 1 (3%) | ns |
| Nighttime elevated blood pressure (≥100/65 mmHg) | 30 (37%) | 8 (20%) | ns | 10 (34%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 20 (38%) | 7 (23%) | ns |
| Nighttime stage 1 hypertension (≥110/65 mmHg) | 30 (37%) | 8 (20%) | ns | 10 (34%) | 1 (10%) | ns | 20 (38%) | 7 (23%) | ns |
| Nighttime stage 2 hypertension (≥120/70 mmHg) | 14 (17%) | 1 (2%) | 0.020 | 6 (21%) | 0 | ns | 8 (15%) | 1 (3%) | ns |
Data are presented as numbers and percentages, analyzed by Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate.
a
2025 ACC/AHA Guidelines.
b
2025 ADA Guidelines.
c
2024 ESC thresholds.