Table 2.

Case series of uterine mesothelial cysts in the literature

Author, year of publication, references	Presenting complaint	Age (years)	Medical history	Imaging	Interventions	Intraoperative findings	Follow-up
Yu et al., 2014 (10)	Discovered a pelvic mass for over 2 months	49	Unknow	The size of the right ovary is 7 cm × 6 cm. Inside, there is an anechoic area measuring 6.5 cm × 4.8 cm with good transparency and no blood flow signal.	Laparoscopic pelvic mass resection surgery	A mass protrusion is observed on the right posterior wall of the uterus, measuring approximately 9 cm × 8 cm. The top is cystic and there is a flow of yellow, clear liquid.	No abnormalities were observed during the 6-month follow-up after the surgery.
Su et al., 2022 (11)	Discovered pelvic cysts 1 and a half years ago	42	A cesarean section	A 11.2 cm × 6.6 cm × 7.1 mm cystic dark area was observed on the right anterior wall of the uterus, protruding outward. Inside, there were partitions and fine, dense speckled echoes, and a small amount of blood flow signal was detected on the partitions.	Laparotomy	The uterus shows irregular enlargement, resembling the state at 3 months of pregnancy. The anterior wall and the fundus of the uterus present as cystic protrusions, with thin cystic walls. No abnormalities are observed in the bilateral adnexa.	No abnormalities were observed during the 2-year follow-up after the surgery.
Ni et al., 2023 (12)	Discovered a pelvic mass	46	Unknow	On the left side of the uterus, a 4.4 cm × 2.3 cm × 4.1 cm separated cystic mass can be observed. Some of the cyst fluid is clear, while some is not very clear. Blood flow signals can be detected on the cyst wall and the septum.	Surgical treatment	On the upper part of the posterior wall of the uterus, multiple cysts were observed. The surfaces were smooth. Three of the cysts had diameters of 2.5 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm respectively, and their interiors contained pale yellow and clear fluid.	Unknow
Lin et al., 2024 (8)	Experiencing recurrent menstrual cramps over several years	39	A cesarean section	two adjacent cystic lesions (measuring 4.4 cm 3.6 cm and1.7 cm 1.6 cm) ontherightside of the pelvic cavity; the lesions had infiltrated the adjacent poste rior uterine wall, and did not contain solid components inside them	Laparoscopic uterine cystectomy	This multicystic complex was detected on the surface of the posterior uterine wall during surgery, and it was filled with clear serousfluid	no recurrence was observed at the 1-month follow-up
Mishra et al., 2016 (1)	Abdominal pain for 6 years	40	A cystic mass with a compartmentalized structure (10.3*5.4*8.8cm) on the left side of the pelvic cavity	Left sided ectopic hypoplastic kidney and mild splitting of pelvicalyceal system in right kidney. Liver, pancreas and gall bladder were normal. There were suspected endometriotic changes in uterus with peripheral myome trial cysts with pelvic congestion. Endometrium was 11 mm in thickness and echogenic.	Lparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy	Uterus was normal size, mid-position with a small intramural fibroid of 2*2cm on posterior wall. There were 9–10 tense clear cysts of 2–2.5 cm in size on posterior serosal surface of uterus. There was no such cyst on adnexa or on any other site.	Recovered well and is asymptomatic
Arislan et al., 2024 (16)	Abdominal pain	41	One cesarean section	An enlarged uterus with a hypoechoic intramural cystic mass measuring 7.2*3.3*3.6 cm in the posterior uterine corpus. The endometrium appeared thin and regular, and the bilateral adnexal regions were unremarkable.	Total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy	Uterus revealed a 6 cm cystic lesion containing serous fluid within the posterior uterine wall	No pathology was observed
Ren et al., 2023 (13)	Self-discovery of a mass in the abdomen for 1 week	27	Never had sexual intercourse and had no abdominal pain, mal uterine bleeding, or	A pelvic anomaly consisting of a multiloculated cyst measur ing 8.9 *8.2 cm, and no solid component was seen	Exploratory single-port laparoscopic surgery	A uterine cyst was observed in the posterior wall of the uterine body and contained clear light-yellow fluid. No other abnormalities were observed.	No evidence of uterine cyst recurrence after 2-year
Shao et al., 2025 (14)	A persistent uterine mass	46	One abortion procedure	A hypoechoic mass measuring approximately 90*75 mm in the anterior uterine corpus, characterized by well-defined margins and internal septations, with blood flow within the mass	Surgical treatment	A multilocular cyst filled with clear yellow fluid was discovered in the anterior wall of the uterus, with no other abnormalities detected. The cyst was found near the endometrium and myometrium, exhibiting a smooth wall without nodules.	No evidence of uterine cyst recurrence after 2-year
Mo et al., 2019 (15)	A space-occupying lesion in the uterus	46	Gravida 3, para 1	A cystic mass with a compartmentalized structure (10.3*5.4*8.8cm) on the left side of the pelvic cavity	Laparoscopic exploration surgery	Unknown	3 months after surgery identified a uterine cystic mass of 3.0*2.5*1.7cm.