Table 2.

Physiological parameter changes across time points.

Parameter	T0	T1	T2	F	P	${\eta }_p^2$
D-VAS	2.8 ± 1.9	6.4 ± 2.1	3.2 ± 1.7	127.84	< 0.001	0.71
SpO2 (%)	97.2 ± 2.1	99.1 ± 1.3	96.8 ± 2.3	52.18	< 0.001	0.50
HR (beats/min)	79.3 ± 14.6	94.8 ± 16.2	81.7 ± 15.1	35.72	< 0.001	0.41

Data expressed as mean ± SD. P values from repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction where indicated.

D-VAS, Dyspnea Visual Analog Scale; SpO₂, peripheral oxygen saturation; HR, heart rate; ${\eta }_p^2$, partial eta-squared. Exact P-values from Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons: D-VAS: T0 vs. T1, P < 0.001; T1 vs. T2, P < 0.001; T0 vs. T2, P = 0.048. SpO₂: T0 vs. T1, P < 0.001; T0 vs. T2, P = 0.031. HR: T0 vs. T1, P < 0.001; T1 vs. T2, P < 0.001.