Abstract
Four pigeons were trained to avoid shock by pecking a key on a free-operant avoidance schedule in which no exteroceptive stimulus signalled impending shock. Response rate was an inverse function of response-shock interval when shock-shock interval was held constant at 2 sec and response-shock intervals varied from 5 to 40 sec. Amphetamine increased response rates in two subjects and reserpine markedly reduced responding in one.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- HEISE G. A., BOFF E. Continuous avoidance as a base-line for measuring behavioral effects of drugs. Psychopharmacologia. 1962 Oct 5;3:264–282. doi: 10.1007/BF00411367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOFFMAN H. S., FLESHLER M. Aversive control with the pigeon. J Exp Anal Behav. 1959 Jul;2:213–218. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1959.2-213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hineline P. N., Rachlin H. Escape and avoidance of shock by pigeons pecking a key. J Exp Anal Behav. 1969 Jul;12(4):533–538. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-533. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kelleher R. T., Morse W. H. Determinants of the specificity of behavioral effects of drugs. Ergeb Physiol. 1968;60:1–56. doi: 10.1007/BFb0107250. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Macphail E. M. Avoidance responding in pigeons. J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Sep;11(5):629–632. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-629. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rachlin H. Autoshaping of key pecking in pigeons with negative reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1969 Jul;12(4):521–531. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rachlin H., Hineline P. N. Training and maintenance of keypecking in the pigeon by negative reinforcement. Science. 1967 Aug 25;157(3791):954–955. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3791.954. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIDMAN M. Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1953 Aug;46(4):253–261. doi: 10.1037/h0060730. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith R. F., Keller F. R. Free-operant avoidance in the pigeon using a treadle response. J Exp Anal Behav. 1970 Mar;13(2):211–214. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1970.13-211. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WEISSMAN A. Differential drug effects upon a three-ply multiple schedule of reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1959 Oct;2:271–287. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1959.2-271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]