Table 2.
Summary of information provided by fishers in the surveyed communities in Brazil.
| Regions / Brazilian States | ||||||
| NORTHEASTERN | NORTH | |||||
| Ceará (n = 42) | Maranhão (n = 29) | Paraíba (n = 19) | Pernambuco (n = 29) | Piauí (n = 32) | Pará (n = 30) | |
| Intentional | 12 | 02 | 12 | 10 | ||
| Occasional | 30 | 29 | 17 | 17 | 22 | 30 |
| Age groups of fishers | 10 a 20 (25%) | 20 a 30 (10.3%) | 30 a 40 (26.3%) | 10 a 20 (10.3%) | 10 a 20 (3.1%) | 20 a 30 (23.3%) |
| 20 a 30 (50%) | 30 a 40 (17.2%) | 40 a 50 (26.3%) | 20 a 30 (10.3%) | 20 a 30 (15.6%) | 30 a 40 (30%) | |
| 30 a 40 (25%) | 40 a 50 (41.4%) | 50 a 60 (26.3%) | 30 a 40 (31 %) | 30 a 40 (15.6%) | 40 a 50 (33.3%) | |
| 50 a 60 (27.6%) | 60 a 70 (21.1%) | 40 a 50 (20.7%) | 40 a 50 (25%) | 50 a 60 (6.7%) | ||
| 60 a 70 (3.5%) | 50 a 60 (20.7%) | 50 a 60 (18.8%) | 60 a 70 (6.7%) | |||
| 60 a 70 (7%) | 60 a 70 (12.5%) | |||||
| 70 a 80 (9.4%) | ||||||
| Ethnoclassification | Colour only (n = 20), colour and skin appendages (n = 12), no answers (n = 10) | Colour only | Colour only | Colour only (n = 10), colour and skin appendages (n = 19) | Colour only (n = 30), colour and skin appendages (n = 2) | Colour only |
| Population decline | Yes (n = 8), no (n = 10), no answers (n = 24) | Yes (n = 15), no (n = 14) | Yes (n = 19) | Yes (n = 25), no (n = 4) | Yes (n = 13), no (n = 19) | Yes (n = 8), no (n = 22) |
| Cited habitats | Only estuarine areas (camboas) (n = 26), only sea (n = 13), estuarine areas (camboas) and sea (n = 3) | Only estuarine areas (camboas) (n = 24), only sea (n = 1), estuarine areas (camboas) and sea (n = 4) | Only estuarine areas (camboas) (n = 3), estuarine areas (camboas) and sea (n = 16) | Only estuarine areas (camboas) (n = 29) | Only estuarine areas (camboas) (n = 30), estuarine areas (camboas) and sea (n = 2) | Only estuarine areas (camboas) (n = 12), only sea (n = 10), estuarine areas (camboas) and sea (n = 8) |
| Sazonal migration | Yes (n = 19), no (n = 2), no answers (n = 21) | No (n = 29) | Yes (n = 19) | Yes (n = 15), no (n = 1), no answers (n = 13) | No (n = 32) | No (n = 30) |
| Cited preys | No answers (n = 31), "dirt in the water" (n = 3), fish larvae (n = 1), shrimp larvae (n = 3), crabs (n = 2), algae (n = 2), "lodo" (n = 1) | No answers (n = 14), "dirt in the water" (n = 5), algae (n = 1), "lodo" (n = 11) | No answers (n = 4), fish and shrimp larvae (n = 6), algae (n = 4), "lodo" (n = 5) | No answers (n = 12), adult shrimp (n = 3), shrimp larvae (n = 11), algae (n = 1), mud and "lodo" (n = 2) | No answers (n = 7), "dirt in the water" (n = 5), shrimp larvae (n = 1), algae (n = 4), mud and "lodo" (n = 16) | No answers (n = 6), "dirt in the water" (n = 4), fish larvae (n = 1), shrimp larvae (n = 1), algae (n = 7), mud and "lodo" (n = 19) |
| Cited Predators | No answers (n = 33), "baiacu" (n = 4), "moréias" (n = 3), "ciobas" (n = 1), "cavalas" (n = 1), "beijupirás" (n = 1), other fishes (n = 1) | No answers (21), none (n = 1), large fish ("mero") (n = 1), other fishes (n = 3), crabs (n = 3) | None (all answers) | No answers (n = 21), none (n = 6), crabs (n = 1), large fish ("mero") (n = 1) | No answers (n = 20), none (n = 3), large fish ("mero") (n = 1), "baiacu" (n = 4), crabs (n = 2), "pacamão" (n = 2), "dourado velho" (n = 1), "bagre" (n = 3), "carapitanga" (n = 1), "ariacó" ("cioba") (n = 1) | No answers (n = 11), none (n = 1), "pescada amarela" (n = 3), "garoupa" (n = 4), "gorijuba" (n = 3), "cação" (n = 6), "camurupim" (n = 1), "piraúna" (n = 1), "pargo" (n = 2), "sirigado" (n = 1), large fish ("mero") (n = 1), "baiacu" (n = 2), "bagre" (n = 1), "ariacó" ("cioba") (n = 3), other fishes (n = 5), crabs (n = 1) |
| Feeding behavior | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | One respondent | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Social structure (adults) | Solitary (generally) (n = 12), groups of 2 or 3 individuals (n = 5), solitary and groups of 2 or 3 individuals (n = 1), no answers (n = 24) | Solitary (n = 14), groups of 2 a 5 individuals (n = 11), solitary and groups of 2 or 3 individuals (n = 4) | Not mentioned | Solitary (n = 21), groups of 2 a 3 individuals (n = 6), solitary and groups (n = 1), no answers (n = 1) | Solitary (n = 12), groups of 2 a 3 individuals (n = 16), solitary and groups of 2 a 3 individuals (n = 4) | Solitary (n = 24), groups of 2 a 3 individuals (n = 5), solitary and groups of 2 or 3 individuals (n = 1) |
| Pregnancy | No answers (n = 28), male (n = 11), female (n = 3) | Female (n = 29) | Male (n = 2), female (n = 17) | No answers (n = 6), male (n = 11), female (n = 12) | Male (n = 3), female (n = 29) | Male (n = 0), female (n = 30) |
| Courtship behavior | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Mentioned by one respondents | Not mentioned | Mentioned by three respondents | Not mentioned |
| Reproductive period | No answers (n = 31), winter (n = 7), summer (n = 1), throughout the year (n = 3) | No answers (n = 21), winter (n = 5), summer (n = 3) | No answers (n = 2), summer (n = 16), throghout the year (n = 1) | No answers (n = 22), winter (n = 5), summer (n = 1), throghout the year (n = 1) | No answers (n = 23), winter (n = 6), summer (n = 1), throughout the year (n = 2) | No answers (n = 23), winter (n = 3), summer (n = 3), throughout the year (n = 1) |