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. 2026 Jul 7;16:21010. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47585-5

Table 7.

Prediction performance of neural networks for flooding attack.

Flooding attack
MSE R2 Time MAE
GRU 0.0006 0.978 2505 s 0.017
LSTM 0.005 0.814 2256 s 0.058
ELM 3.03E−05 0.9989 0.0257 0.002
MLP 0.0004 0.9835 1969 0.013