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. 2026 Jul 7;16:21010. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47585-5
MSE Inline graphic It is the mean difference between the actual and predicted values
R2 Inline graphic It is the representation of goodness of fit, how well the actual and predicted values fit
MAE Inline graphic It determines the average of the absolute errors between the predicted and actual values
Accuracy (Trian and test accuracy) Inline graphic It is the ratio of samples correctly classified and the total number of samples
Precision Inline graphic It is defined as the ratio of the number of attack samples detected correctly and the total number of actual attack samples
Recall Inline graphic It is defined as the ability of a model to classify all attack samples correctly
F-Score Inline graphic It is a balancing factor of both precision and recall
Time in execution(s) time.time-begin_time Time between the start and end of the execution of the proposed model