Skip to main content
. 2026 Jun 25;13:1880853. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1880853

Figure 2.

Panel of six labeled 3D surface plots (A-F), each displaying a response variable as a function of two parameters. Color gradients from blue to red indicate low to high response values. All axes are labeled, and a color bar beside each plot shows the response value range.

Three-dimensional response surfaces and their corresponding contour plots demonstrate the interactive effects of thermosonication parameters on broccoli extract responses (A–C), total phenolic content (TPC), and (D–F) ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP). The graphs present the interactions between temperature and treatment time, temperature and ultrasound amplitude, and treatment time and ultrasound amplitude, respectively, with the other variable held at a constant medium level. Additionally, experimental data were overlaid on the corresponding surface plots to visually demonstrate the model's fit.