Table 1.

Categorization of strategies by intervention type

Strategy Type	Description	Reference
1. Policy and Governance	Focused on structural-level changes such as improving climate-resilient infrastructure (e.g., water and transportation systems), implementing emission caps to reduce air pollution and climate risk, and poverty reduction strategies that indirectly improve child health.	[3, 5, 10, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 26, 40]
2. Technological and Environmental Solutions	Interventions involving air quality monitoring, transition to cleaner energy or transportation, and agricultural adaptation practices. These aim to directly reduce environmental exposure.	[6, 13, 19, 23, 26]
3. Educational and Behavioral Change	These studies implemented educational programs, communication strategies, or classroom-based training to improve climate literacy, awareness, and adaptive behaviors among children and caregivers.	[9, 24, 26, 32, 33, 42, 46–48]
4. Community Engagement and Empowerment	Targeted at mobilizing communities through local engagement activities, youth empowerment, and community-level resilience building. Some focused on challenging gender norms or involving children in advocacy.	[15, 30, 36, 41, 48]
5. Adaptive Coping and Preparedness	These interventions emphasized coping strategies and preparedness for climate-related disasters, including flood drills, post-disaster recovery programs, and short-term household-level adaptations.	[1, 26, 28, 34, 35]
6. Public Health and Nutrition	Aimed at enhancing food and nutrition security as a response to climate variability, these strategies include targeting drought-affected populations and prioritizing regions for health intervention planning.	[7, 23, 44]
7. Infrastructure and School-based Protection	These interventions aim to protect children in schools or structured settings, such as ensuring hydration, improving heat preparedness in schools, or implementing community-wide obesity prevention programs.	[8, 27]