Table 3.
Mean healthcare resource cost (€, 2021) per-patient-per-year by ATTR-CA status
| Resource | ATTR-CA | Non ATTR-CA | ATTR-CA inconclusive | p value* | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical visits | n = 65 | n = 306 | n = 16 | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | Min | Max | Mean | Min | Max | Mean | Min | Max | |||||||||
| Specialist | 345.7 (448.3) | 135.3 | 569.9 | 441.1 (510.5) | 172.6 | 727.1 | 332.6 (261.7) | 130.2 | 548.3 | 0.254 | |||||||
| Emergency department | 309.9 (351.3) | 24.1 | 535.1 | 350.8 (365.3) | 27.3 | 605.8 | 241.1 (280.7) | 18.8 | 416.3 | 0.307 | |||||||
| Primary care | 225.6 (306.9) | 112.3 | 380.4 | 252.4 (322.9) | 125.7 | 425.7 | 277.3 (310.7) | 138.1 | 467.8 | 0.882 | |||||||
| Outpatient hospital | 69.2 (239.5) | 32.0 | 131.3 | 99.9 (387.1) | 51.6 | 211.6 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.275 | |||||||
| Surgery | 96.8 (319.5) | 50.2 | 163.3 | 56.9 (193.5) | 29.6 | 96.1 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.342 | |||||||
| Nursing | 56.3 (128.5) | 21.0 | 92.5 | 94.1 (231.2) | 35.0 | 154.4 | 88.7 (184.4) | 33.1 | 145.7 | 0.332 | |||||||
| Hospitalizations | n = 65 | n = 306 | n = 16 | ||||||||||||||
| Intensive care unit | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 113.5 (804.2) | 33.3 | 188.1 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.468 | |||||||
| General ward | 856.8 (857.4) | 367.8 | 1345.7 | 1201.2 (1445.3) | 515.7 | 1886.7 | 870.2 (792.6) | 373.6 | 1366.8 | 0.076 | |||||||
| Complementary and diagnostic tests | n = 60 | n = 281 | n = 15 | ||||||||||||||
| Biochemistry and blood counts | 50.0 (140.0) | NA | NA | 37.7 (105.9) | NA | NA | 20.3 (57.2) | NA | NA | 0.583 | |||||||
| Cardiac catheterization | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 52.6 (274.5) | 6.8 | 133.6 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.195 | |||||||
| Cystoscopy | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 (13.6) | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.876 | |||||||
| Colonoscopy | 4.6 (36.8) | 1.2 | 9.3 | 6.8 (44.4) | 1.8 | 13.8 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.779 | |||||||
| Coronarography | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21.8 (142.4) | 10.2 | 29.3 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.390 | |||||||
| Electrocardiogram | 14.1 (60.5) | 2.2 | 47.3 | 34.5 (106.2) | 5.2 | 115.3 | 26.9 (55.7) | 4.1 | 90.5 | 0.128 | |||||||
| Thyroid or abdominal ultrasound | 1.3 (10.6) | 0.6 | 2.2 | 2.5 (14.4) | 1.1 | 4.2 | 5.3 (21.3) | 2.2 | 8.9 | 0.582 | |||||||
| Electromyogram | 2.4 (19.0) | 1.4 | 4.0 | 1.5 (15.1) | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.845 | |||||||
| Upper endoscopy | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 (28.1) | 1.1 | 2.1 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.876 | |||||||
| Fibro gastroscopy | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 (18.5) | 0.6 | 4.3 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.671 | |||||||
| Scintigraphy | 121.5 (149.9) | 29.29 | 208.1 | 70.5 (135.3) | 16.9 | 120.7 | 38.0 (103.7) | 9.1 | 65.0 | 0.007 | |||||||
| Holter | 4.0 (22.8) | 1.5 | 7.5 | 4.3 (23.3) | 1.6 | 7.9 | 16.4 (44.7) | 6.2 | 30.4 | 0.152 | |||||||
| Pacemaker (implant/revision/replacement) | 72.0 (580.6) | 3.7 | 191.8 | 15.3 (267.6) | 0.8 | 40.8 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.446 | |||||||
| Removal of fluid from the abdomen | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 (105.3) | 4.3 | 8.3 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.876 | |||||||
| Outpatient respiratory polygraphy | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 (22.5) | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.876 | |||||||
| Respiratory functional tests | 2.7 (12.6) | 0.8 | 6.1 | 1.7 (21.2) | 0.5 | 3.9 | 3.7 (14.9) | 1.1 | 8.3 | 0.117 | |||||||
| Fine needle puncture-aspiration | 7.5 (42.4) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 (13.9) | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.068 | |||||||
| Chest x-ray | 4.5 (12.7) | 1.9 | 6.9 | 9.7 (27.7) | 4.1 | 14.7 | 9.9 (28.5) | 4.1 | 15.1 | 0.750 | |||||||
| Heart or prostate magnetic resonance | 28.6 (100.0) | 22.7 | 36.9 | 9.7 (66.7) | 7.7 | 12.6 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.058 | |||||||
| Cardiac SPECT | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 (18.1) | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.876 | |||||||
| Coronary/cardiac computed axial tomography | 3.9 (31.8) | 0.8 | 5.9 | 6.7 (40.9) | 1.4 | 10.0 | 32.0 (87.5) | 6.8 | 47.9 | 0.037 | |||||||
| Brain computed tomography | 11.2 (51.1) | 4.3 | 18.6 | 15.0 (61.6) | 5.7 | 25.0 | 15.1 (60.4) | 5.8 | 25.2 | 0.884 | |||||||
| Retrograde urethral cystoscopy | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 (9.5) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.876 | |||||||
| Other medical exams | n = 65 | n = 306 | n = 16 | ||||||||||||||
| Light chains test | 20.7 (2.6) | 9.2 | 27.1 | 2.2 (6.4) | 1.0 | 2.9 | 21.0 (0.0) | 9.4 | 27.5 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Genetic test | 509.8 (206.0) | 114.0 | 1027.9 | 5.8 (58.4) | 1.3 | 11.7 | 406.8 (283.3) | 91.0 | 820.3 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Implantable cardiac defibrillator | 299.8 (2417.3) | 22.7 | 697.3 | 63.7 (1114.1) | 4.8 | 148.1 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.446 | |||||||
| Bone marrow biopsy | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 (6.5) | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.876 | |||||||
| Unspecified biopsy | 34.8 (73.8) | 15.6 | 47.0 | 1.2 (15.2) | 0.6 | 1.7 | 23.6 (64.4) | 10.5 | 31.8 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Other healthcare resources | n = 48 | n = 232 | n = 12 | ||||||||||||||
| Physiotherapy | 1.2 (9.4) | 0.2 | 4.1 | 0.7 (9.2) | 0.1 | 2.6 | 18.9 (52.6) | 3.2 | 67.3 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Rehabilitation | 9.0 (58.3) | 1.1 | 26.2 | 1.0 (12.4) | 0.1 | 2.9 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.031 | |||||||
| Optometry | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 (4.7) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.671 | |||||||
ATTR-CA transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy, SPECT single photon emission computed tomography, Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation). Minimum and maximum costs. Non parametric estimates (median, P25 and P75) are included in supplementary information. * Kruskal-Wallis test. NA not available. Numbers in bold are statistically significant