Table 2.
Correlates of alcohol use expectancies: unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI, BREATH study participants at baseline)
| AFEXS | Release of inhibition expectancies | Sex-related expectancies | Negative expectancies | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted (n = 155) | Unadjusted | Adjusted (n = 155) | Unadjusted | Adjusted (n = 155) | Unadjusted | Adjusted (n = 156) | |||||||||
| OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | OR (95% CI) | z (p-value) | |
| Agea | 1.06 (0.80, 1.40) | 0.41 (0.68) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.35) | − 0.37 (0.71) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.23) | − 0.50 (0.62) | 0.87 (0.59, 1.27) | − 0.73 (0.47) | 1.24 (0.93, 1.64) | 1.47 (0.14) | 1.10 (0.76, 1.59) | 0.51 (0.61) | 0.97 (0.74, 1.28) | − 0.19 (0.85) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.57) | 0.55 (0.58) |
| Gender | − 1.36 (0.18) | − 0.72 (0.47) | − 0.63 (0.53) | − 0.84 (0.40) | − 2.64 (<0.01) | − 1.94 (0.05) | 0.12 (0.91) | − 0.31 (0.76) | ||||||||
| Male (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Female | 0.68 (0.39, 1.19) | 0.76 (0.36, 1.61) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.46) | 0.72 (0.34, 1.55) | 0.47*** (0.26, 0.82) | 0.47 (0.22, 1.01) | 1.03 (0.59, 1.80) | 0.89 (0.42, 1.87) | ||||||||
| Educational attainment | − 0.17 (0.86) | 0.60 (0.55) | − 0.36 (0.72) | − 0.85 (0.40) | ||||||||||||
| Less than secondary school (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| Secondary school or higher | 0.95 (0.53, 1.69) | – | 1.19 (0.67, 2.12) | – | 0.90 (0.51, 1.60) | – | 0.78 (0.44, 1.39) | – | ||||||||
| Marital status | − 2.11 (0.04) | − 2.23 (0.03) | − 1.13 (0.26) | – | − 1.98 (0.05) | − 2.16 (0.03) | − 0.37 (0.71) | |||||||||
| Not married | 0.55** (0.32, 0.96) | 0.42** (0.20, 0.90) | 0.73 (0.42, 1.26) | – | 0.57** (0.33, 0.99) | 0.43** (0.20, 0.92) | 0.90 (0.52, 1.56) | – | ||||||||
| Married (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Any HIV-infected spouse(s) | − 0.97 (0.33) | − 1.21 (0.23) | − 0.73 (0.47) | − 0.21 (0.83) | ||||||||||||
| No | 0.73 (0.39, 1.38) | – | 0.68 (0.36, 1.28) | – | 0.79 (0.42, 1.49) | – | 0.93 (0.50, 1.75) | – | ||||||||
| Yes (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||||
| Household asset index | ||||||||||||||||
| Low | 0.50** (0.27, 0.93) | − 2.19 (0.03) | 0.62 (0.29, 1.34) | − 1.21 (0.23) | 0.52** (0.28, 0.97) | − 2.04 (0.04) | 0.39** (0.17, 0.87) | − 2.30 (0.02) | 0.55* (0.29, 1.02) | − 1.88 (0.06) | – | 0.76 (0.41, 1.41) | − 0.88 (0.38) | – | ||
| Medium (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||||
| High | 0.62 (0.29, 1.30) | − 1.27 (0.20) | 0.79 (0.31, 2.02) | − 0.49 (0.63) | 0.78 (0.37, 1.65) | − 0.64 (0.52) | 0.61 (0.24, 1.58) | − 1.02 (0.31) | 0.59 (0.28, 1.24) | − 1.39 (0.16) | – | 0.98 (0.46, 2.05) | − 0.06 (0.95) | – | ||
| Current employment status | − 1.04 (0.30) | − 1.07 (0.29) | − 1.55 (0.12) | − 1.02 (0.31) | ||||||||||||
| Employed (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 0.52 (0.15, 1.79) | – | 0.51 (0.15, 1.75) | – | 0.35 (0.09, 1.32) | – | 0.53 (0.15, 1.81) | – | ||||||||
| Affective depressive symptomsa | 1.27 (0.96, 1.68) | 1.67 (0.10) | 1.56** (1.08, 2.25) | 2.39 (0.02) | 1.57*** (1.17, 2.12) | 2.97 (<0.01) | 1.96*** (1.33, 2.90) | 3.39 (<0.01) | 1.10 (0.84, 1.45) | 0.70 (0.48) | 1.10 (0.77, 1.58) | 0.53 (0.59) | 1.75*** (1.28, 2.38) | 3.54 (<0.01) | 1.88*** (1.29, 2.74) | 3.26 (<0.01) |
| HIV symptom burdena | 0.82 (0.62, 1.09) | − 1.38 (0.17) | – | 0.84 (0.64, 1.11) | − 1.22 (0.22) | – | 0.78* (0.59, 1.03) | − 1.73 (0.08) | – | 1.09 (0.83, 1.44) | 0.63 (0.53) | – | ||||
| Low social support | 0.23 (0.82) | 0.96 (0.34) | 0.90 (0.37) | 0.58 (0.56) | 1.39 (0.17) | 2.47 (0.01) | 0.69 (0.49) | − 0.34 (0.73) | ||||||||
| No (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.09 (0.53, 2.24) | 1.66 (0.59, 4.67) | 1.39 (0.67, 2.87) | 1.36 (0.48, 3.82) | 1.68 (0.81, 3.48) | 3.79** (1.32, 10.90) | 1.29 (0.63, 2.65) | 0.84 (0.31, 2.27) | ||||||||
| Spiritualitya | 0.94 (0.69, 1.28) | − 0.38 (0.70) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.39) | − 0.07 (0.95) | 0.72* (0.51, 1.01) | − 1.91 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.56, 1.16) | − 1.15 (0.25) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.21) | − 0.73 (0.47) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.23) | − 0.77 (0.44) | 0.83 (0.60, 1.14) | − 1.16 (0.25) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.31) | − 0.38 (0.70) |
| Coping self-efficacya | 0.79 (0.59, 1.06) | − 1.59 (0.11) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | − 1.50 (0.14) | 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) | − 1.17 (0.24) | 0.87 (0.61, 1.25) | − 0.75 (0.45) | 0.77* (0.57, 1.03) | − 1.76 (0.08) | 0.69** (0.49, 0.98) | − 2.06 (0.04) | 0.69** (0.51, 0.93) | − 2.42 (0.02) | 0.83 (0.59, 1.16) | − 1.10 (0.27) |
| Interaction | ||||||||||||||||
| Gender × depressive symptoms | ||||||||||||||||
| Males: depressive symptomsa | 0.99 (0.66, 1.49) | − 0.05 (0.96) | – | 1.33 (0.87, 2.02) | 1.31 (0.19) | – | 0.93 (0.62, 1.40) | − 0.34 (0.73) | – | 1.33 (0.87, 2.02) | 1.31 (0.19) | |||||
| Females: depressive symptomsa | 1.72** (1.13, 2.61) | 2.55 (<0.01) | – | 1.94*** (1.25, 3.00) | 2.95 (0.01) | – | 1.44* (0.97, 2.15) | 1.81 (0.07) | – | 1.94*** (1.25, 3.00) | 2.95 (<0.01) | |||||
***
p < .01;
**
p < .05;
*
p < .10
a
z-scores