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. 2026 May 16;25:609. doi: 10.1186/s12912-026-04759-w

Table 2.

Main themes and sub-themes emerging from thematic analysis

Themes Sub-themes
Unsupportive clinical Environment Inappropriate professional interactions
Sense of belongingness-Identity ambiguity
Discrimination
Unsuitable structure, organizational, and planning shortcomings Lack of resources and facilities
Theory-practice gap
Planning shortcomings
Ineffective supervision and evaluation Ineffective role of instructors
Inappropriate clinical evaluation system
Personal factors and students’ attributes Lack of Motivation to learn
Perceived fear