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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jul 11.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2025 Aug 7;5:52. doi: 10.1038/s43586-025-00421-y

Table 1.

Guiding principles for DOC hub development. Table repurposed from ref67.

Desirable Property Suggested Hub Design Element
Orthogonal Reactive Centers Include multiple, distinct functional groups (e.g., azides, sulfonyl fluorides, phosphoramidofluoridates) that do not cross-react to ensure clean chemical transformations.
Chemoselectivity S/P─F bonds should be sufficiently electrophilic for substitution but balanced to avoid uncontrolled or side reactions. Ideally, S/P─F bonds should only be activated by the correct catalyst/reagent combinations.
Click Group Stability Click groups should be stable to various synthetic conditions, allowing early integration in DOC sequences. Ensure hubs can withstand typical laboratory and storage conditions, including common solvents.
Predictable Regioselectivity Click reactions should generate a single product regioisomer.
Facile Access and Scalability Hubs should be synthesized from readily accessible materials using scalable methods to promote community adoption and ease of use.
Low Volatility Prioritize to minimize exposure risks and ensure ease of handling.
Quenchable Safe quenching of the electrophilic bonds using simple procedures (e.g., soaking overnight in isopropanol/sodium hydroxide).