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. 2026 May 29;18(6):e833–e841. doi: 10.4317/jced.64074

Table 3.

Table Risk of bias assessment of the included studies

Study Confounding Selection of Participants Classification of Intervention Deviations from Intended Intervention Missing Data Measurement of Outcomes Selection of Reported Results Overall
Xiong et al. [9] ⨂ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⨂ ⊕ ⨂
Silva Marques et al. [10] ⨂ ⨂ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⨂ ⊕ ⨂
Duran et al. [11] ⊝ ⨂ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⨂ ⊕ ⊝
Ling et al. [12] ⨂ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⨂ ⊕ ⨂
Docampo-Vázquez et al. [13] ⊝ ⨂ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊝
  ⊕ Low ⨂ Unclear ⊝ High  

3