TABLE 1.

Summary of characteristics of 11 included datasets (including a total of n = 3539 individuals; n = 3497 with eligible data for inclusion in IPD meta-analysis)¹.

Author/y of key publication	No. of participants (n)	Region or province	Study design	Study population	Other publications from dataset1
Charles et al. 2011 [19] 2	35	Kandal	Longitudinal trial	Nonpregnant females >16 y
Charles et al. 2015 [20] 3	173	Kandal	Cross-sectional	Nonpregnant females 16 y and older
Fischer et al. 2023 [21]	480	Kampong Thom	Double-blind, 3-arm, placebo-controlled noninferiority trial	Nonpregnant females of reproductive age (18–45 y)
Gallant et al. 2021 [22]	334	Kampong Thom	Double-blind, 4 parallel-arm randomized controlled dose-response trial	Mother (18–45 y) whose most recent pregnancy was normal, with a singleton infant born without complications
Karakochuk et al. 2015 [12]	450	Prey Veng	Cross-sectional	Females of reproductive age (18–45 y, n = 420 nonpregnant, n = 30 pregnant)	Karakochuk et al. 2015 [29] Michaux et al. 2019 [30] Williams et al. 2020 [31]
Karakochuk et al. 2017 [23]	807	Kampong Chhnang	2 × 2 factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial	Anemic nonpregnant females of reproductive age (18–45 y with Hb concentration ≤117 g/L based on HemoCue finger-prick blood sample)	Cochrane et al. 2020 [32] Karakochuk et al. 2017 [33] Pei et al. 2021 [34] Pei et al. 2023 [35] Steele et al. 2019 [36] Williams et al. 2020 [31]
Makurat et al. 2016 [24]	217	Phnom Penh	Cross-sectional	Nonpregnant nulliparous females aged <31 y	Makurat et al. 2019 [37]
Mlewa et al. 2025 [25]	90	Prey Veng	Cross-sectional	3–8 mo pregnant with a singleton fetus
Rappaport et al. 2017 [26]	326	Preah Vihear	Parallel, 3-arm, randomized controlled trial	Nonpregnant females of reproductive age (18–49 y) with mild-to-moderate anemia (Hb 80–119 g/L based on HemoCue capillary blood sample)
Whitfield et al. 2017 [27]	175	Prey Veng	Double-blind, 3 parallel-arm randomized controlled efficacy trial	Nonpregnant female aged 18–45 y with ≥1 child aged 12–59 mo
Wieringa et al. 2016 [28]	452	National	Nationwide, cross-sectional survey	Females 15–49 y (n = 445 nonpregnant, n = 7 pregnant)

Abbreviations: Hb, hemoglobin; IPD, individual participant data.

¹References for conference abstracts (n = 2) and clinical trials (n = 3) registries are not included in the table. Williams et al. 2020 [31] is listed twice in the table, as it uses data from both Karakochuk et al. 2015 [12] and Karakochuk et al. 2017 [23].

²Only a subset of participants from this dataset were included in our review (i.e., those in the control group with data available for ferritin and C-reactive protein) as the other participants did not meet our eligibility criteria for inclusion. In addition, those outside of our age eligibility window (15–49 y) were excluded.

³Participants outside of our age eligibility window (15–49 y) were excluded.