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. 2026 May 19;12:298. doi: 10.1038/s41420-026-03143-6

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A Animal experimental protocol. B Survival curves of mice (n = 15 per group). C–E Results of serum renal function indicators Scr, BUN and Cys-C. F Results of GFR changes over time (n = 3 per group). G KIM-1 and NGAL mRNA levels in renal tissues. H mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, CCL2, F4/80) in renal tissues. I Representative images of HE staining of renal tissue. Scale bar, 50 μm. J, K Representative images of F4/80 and NGAL immunohistochemical staining of renal tissue. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns, not significant (P > 0.05), one-way ANOVA.