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. 2026 Jun 29;17:1873808. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1873808

Figure 2.

Composite figure showing microscopic cross-sections of plant stems labeled A to I, with each main image paired with a magnified inset highlighting cell and tissue differences among three plant types. Panels J, K, and L present bar charts comparing cortical thickness, vessel cell area, and storage parenchyma cell area for R. crenulata, intergrades, and R. fastigiata, demonstrating statistically significant differences among groups as indicated by different letters above bars.

Morpho-anatomical analysis of R. crenulata, intergrades and R. fastigiata. (A–C) Rhizome microstructure and vascular bundles (a–c) of R. crenulata, intergrades, and R. fastigiata, respectively. White dashed lines indicate vascular bundle cambium; blue arrows point to independent vascular bundles; red dashed lines delimit cambium from the enlarged region marked by red squares. (D–F) Cambium structure of vascular bundles in R. crenulata, intergrades, and R. fastigiata, respectively. Red long arrows indicate xylem development toward the rhizome center; blue long arrows indicate xylem development toward the cortex; enlarged regions marked by red squares show vessel elements of xylem. (G–I) Storage parenchyma cells of R. crenulata, intergrades and R. fastigiata, respectively. Red arrows indicate storage structures and substances within cells. (J) Cortex thickness, (K) Vessel element size, and (L) Storage cell size. Bars represent standard error (SE). Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).