AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ADAPT	Alzheimer’s Disease Anti-Inflammatory Prevention Trial
APOE	apolipoprotein E 4
ARIA	Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities
ASC	apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domains
Aβ	amyloid-beta
BBB	blood–brain barrier
C1q	complement component 1q
CB	cannabinoid receptor
CCL3/4	macrophage inflammatory protein1α/β
CD33	cluster of differentiation 33
CD68	cluster of differentiation 68
CD83	cluster of differentiation 83
ChIP-Seq	chromatic immunoprecipitation sequencing
CNS	central nervous system
CRISPR	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CSP	canonical senescence pathway
CST7	cystatin F
CX3CR1	cell surface chemokine receptor 1
CyTOF	comprehensive multiplexed mass cytometry
DAM	disease-associated microglia
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
GWAS	genome-wide association studies
HIF1α	mTOR-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
IBA1	ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
IFI16	interferon gamma inducible protein 16
IMG	human hPSC-derived microglia
IRF8	interferon regulatory factor 8
ITGAX; CD11c	integrin subunit alpha X
JAK	Janus kinases
LDAM	Lipid droplet accumulation microglia
LPL	lipoprotein lipase
mAbs	monoclonal antibodies
MCI	mild cognitive impairment
MGnD	microglial neurodegenerative phenotype
MHC	major histocompatibility complex
miRNA, miR	microRNAs
MMSE	Mini-Mental State Examination
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
MRs	master transcriptional regulators
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
NFKB1	nuclear factor kappa b subunit 1
NFTs	neurofibrillary tangles
NK	natural killer
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3
NSAIDS	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OPCs	oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
p16	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/p16INK4A
P22	subtype-selective sialic acid mimetic
P2RY12	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12
P2X7R	purinergic P2X7 receptor
p38 MAPK	p38 mitogen activated protein kinase
PD-1	programmed cell death protein 1
PET	positron emission tomography
PLIN2	lipid droplet surface protein perilipin 2
PPARy	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PS19	mouse tauopathy model expressing MAPT P301S
PU.1	purine rich box binding protein 1
RONS	reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RUNX1	runt-related transcription factor 1
SASP	senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SA-β-gal	senescence-associated β-galactosidase
scRNA-seq	single-cell RNA sequencing
SIRT1	sirtuin 1
snRNA-seq	single-nucleus RNA sequencing
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
sTNF	soluble TNF
TAL1	T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1
TGFB	transforming growth factor-β
TMEM119	transmembrane protein 119
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TREM2	Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
TREM2+/−	TREM2 haplodeficiency
TYROBP	TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein
WHO	World Health Organization