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. 2026 Jun 28;16(13):2016. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16132016
ACEi Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
AF Atrial fibrillation
BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
CA Cancer
CAD Coronary artery disease
CI/CIs Confidence interval
CKD Chronic kidney disease
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CVD Cardiovascular disease
DCM Dilated cardiomyopathy
DM Diabetes mellitus
HCM Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HF Heart failure
HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HR/HRs Hazard ratio
HTN Hypertension
ICD International Classification of Diseases
IHD Ischaemic heart disease
IL 6 Interleukin 6
IQR Interquartile range
IR Incidence rate
LVDd Left ventricular diastolic diameter
LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction
MI Myocardial infarction
NMSC Non-melanoma skin cancer
NOS Newcastle–Ottawa scale