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. 2026 Jun 23;18(13):2028. doi: 10.3390/cancers18132028
AFP Alpha-fetoprotein
AI Artificial intelligence
ALBI Albumin-Bilirubin
ALT Alanine aminotransferase
AST Aspartate aminotransferase
AUC Area under the curve
BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
CAM Class Activation Mapping
CEUS Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
C-index Concordance index
CNN Convolutional neural network
CT Computed tomography
CV Cross-validation
DCA Decision curve analysis
DL Deep learning
EASL European Association for the Study of the Liver
ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
ER Early recurrence
ERASL Early Recurrence After Surgery for Liver tumor
ESMO European Society for Medical Oncology
GBDT Gradient Boosted Decision Tree
GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase
GLCM Gray-level co-occurrence matrix
GLSZM Gray-level size zone matrix
Grad-CAM Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping
HBV Hepatitis B virus
HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV Hepatitis C virus
ICC Intraclass correlation coefficient
LASSO Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator
LI-RADS Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System
LOOCV Leave-one-out cross-validation
MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MeSH Medical Subject Headings
ML Machine learning
MLP Multilayer perceptron
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
MRMR Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance
MVI Microvascular invasion
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PROBAST+AI Prediction Model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool for Artificial Intelligence
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
RFA Radiofrequency ablation
ROI Region of interest
RSF Random survival forest
Score-CAM Score-weighted Class Activation Mapping
SHAP SHapley Additive exPlanations
TACE Transarterial chemoembolization
TNM Tumor, Node, Metastasis
US Ultrasound