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. 2026 Jun 27;18(13):2086. doi: 10.3390/cancers18132086
GBM Glioblastoma
GSCs Glial stem cells
BBB Blood–brain barrier
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MNK Mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting kinases
eIF4E Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E
hnRNPA1 Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
cPLA2 Cytosolic phospholipase A2
PSF Pre-mRNA splicing factor
DNMTs DNA methyltransferases
PDX Patient-derived xenograft
CSC Cancer stem cell
VC Vehicle control
PDB Protein Data Bank
MES Mesenchymal
PARP Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
RTK Receptor tyrosine kinase
mTORC1 Mechanistic target of rapamycin C1
ATO Arsenic trioxide