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. 2026 Jun 23;27(13):5672. doi: 10.3390/ijms27135672
HQ Hydroquinidine
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
DMH 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-1ß Interleukin-1 beta
IL-10 Interleukin-10
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
mTOR Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
AKT Protein Kinase B
p-AKT Phosphorylated AKT
p-4E-BP1 Phosphorylated Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E-Binding Protein 1
EMT Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
hERG (Kv 11.1) Human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene Potassium Channel 1
AKR1B1 Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1
AKR1B10 Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10
RBC Red Blood Cells
WBC White Blood Cells
HCT Hematocrit
MCV Mean Corpuscular Volume
MCH Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
MCHC Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
ALT Alanine Aminotransferase
AST Aspartate Aminotransferase
ALP Alkaline Phosphatase
LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase
GGT Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase
BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen
CK-MB Creatine Kinase-MB
H&E Hematoxylin and Eosin
PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide
NBF Neutral Buffered Formalin
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
SOD Superoxide Dismutase
CAT Catalase
GSH Reduced Glutathione
SEM Standard Error of the Mean
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
CP Cisplatin