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. 2026 Jun 30;27(13):5899. doi: 10.3390/ijms27135899
ABA abscisic acid
AEC apical epidermal cap
AMPs antimicrobial peptides
AviD antiviral Dicer
CLV CLAVATA
DAMPs Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase 1
ECM extracellular matrix
ECs endothelial cells
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
EPCs endothelial progenitor cells
EPSCs epidermal stem cells
ES Established Similarity
FA Functional Analogy
FGF fibroblast growth factor
FS Functional Similarity
GFs growth factors
GI gastrointestinal
GLR glutamate receptor-like
GLU glutamate
hBD-2 human β-defensin 2
IL-1 Interleukin-1
IL-10 Interleukin-10
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
JA jasmonic acid
LL37 human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL37
LPS lipopolysaccharides
MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
MSCs mesenchymal stem cells
NO nitric oxide
PAMPs pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
PGE2 prostaglandin E2
PGs prostaglandins
RBbR retinoblastoma-related proteins
REF1 regeneration factor 1
RNA ribonucleic acid
RNS reactive nitrogen species
ROS reactive oxygen species
SEs sieve elements
TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta
TIMPs tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TOR target of rapamycin
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
WNT Wingless-related integration site signaling pathway
WUS WUSCHEL