Table 3.
Pharmacokinetic measures of piperacillin/tazobactam according to sampling site
| Antimicrobial | Infusion time | Blood samples type | Cmax (mg/L) | Tmax (h) |
AUC0−24 (mg · h/L) | Kel (h− 1) |
T1/2 (h) |
CL (L/h) |
Vd (L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piperacillin | 0.5 h |
Pre-M [n = 10] |
223 ± 107 | 0.525 ± 0.0118 | 2208 ± 1516 | 0.353 ± 0.211 | 2.39 ± 1.43 | 7.72 ± 4.02 | 30.8 ± 29.8 |
|
Post-M [n = 10] |
226 ± 131 | 0.550 ± 0.000 | 2187 ± 1576 | 0.342 ± 0.222 | 2.57 ± 1.67 | 8.02 ± 4.48 | 35.1 ± 35.9 | ||
|
AL [n = 12] |
297 ± 60.9 | 0.558 ± 0.0354 | 2488 ± 1697 | 0.333 ± 0.190 | 2.48 ± 1.41 | 6.83 ± 3.52 | 28.0 ± 26.6 | ||
| Tazobactam | 0.5 h |
Pre-M [n = 10] |
20.6 ± 10.0 | 0.525 ± 0.0118 | 198 ± 111 | 0.336 ± 0.108 | 2.18 ± 0.702 | 9.88 ± 3.74 | 32.9 ± 21.8 |
|
Post-M [n = 10] |
19.2 ± 9.12 | 0.550 ± 0.000 | 190 ± 110 | 0.311 ± 0.112 | 2.38 ± 0.855 | 10.5 ± 4.21 | 38.5 ± 27.3 | ||
|
AL [n = 12] |
27.0 ± 2.12 | 0.558 ± 0.0354 | 227 ± 120 | 0.323 ± 0.118 | 2.30 ± 0.837 | 8.51 ± 2.96 | 30.0 ± 20.1 |
All PK measures are expressed as mean ± SD. Values in brackets [n = x] indicate the number of concentration-time points used for the non-compartmental analysis. Statistical comparisons were not performed for piperacillin/tazobactam due to the small sample size; results are presented descriptively
AL: arterial line. AUC0–24: area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 24 h; CL: clearance; Cmax: maximum plasma concentration; Kel: elimination rate constant. Post-M: post-membrane concentrations; Pre-M: pre-membrane concentrations; T1/2: half-life; Tmax: time to maximum concentration; Vd: volume of distribution