ADSCs	Adipose-derived stem cells
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
Aire	Autoimmune regulator
Akt	Protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
APCs	Antigen-presenting cells
APOB	Apolipoprotein B
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
AUC	Area under the curve
Bregs	Regulatory B cells
CCL2	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
CCR7	C-C chemokine receptor 7
CD	Cluster of differentiation
cDC1s	Conventional type 1 dendritic cells
cDC2s	Conventional type 2 dendritic cells
CXCL10	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
DCs	Dendritic cells
DKD	Diabetic kidney disease
eGFR	Estimated glomerular filtration rate
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
GAD65	Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65
GM-CSF	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
HMGB1	High-mobility group box 1
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
HSP70	Heat shock protein 70
Hsp60	Heat shock protein 60
Hsp60sp	Heat shock protein 60 signal peptide
IA-2	Insulinoma-associated antigen-2
IDO-1	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1
IFN-I	Type I interferon
IFNAR	Interferon-α/β receptor
IFN-γ	Interferon-γ
IL	Interleukin
ILT3	Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3
iNKT cells	Invariant natural killer T cells
IRFs	Interferon regulatory factors
JAK–STAT	Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription
LAEPAL	Aqueous extract of Passiflora alata leaves
LCs	Langerhans cells
LepRb	Leptin receptor b
LOX-1	Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
mDCs	Myeloid dendritic cells
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex
miR	MicroRNA
moDCs	Monocyte-derived dendritic cells
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MyD88	Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
NAD+	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NETs	Neutrophil extracellular traps
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
NK cells	Natural killer cells
NKT cells	Natural killer T cells
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NOD	Non-obese diabetic
NR	Not reported
oxLDL	Oxidized low-density lipoprotein
P2X7	P2X purinoceptor 7
PAMPs	Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PBMCs	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1	Programmed cell death ligand 1
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKCβ1	Protein kinase C β1
PLGA	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
pDCs	Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end products
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAEs	Serious adverse events
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
STZ	Streptozotocin
T1DM	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCR	T-cell receptor
TCNS	Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
Th1	T helper 1
Th17	T helper 17
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
tolDCs	Tolerogenic dendritic cells
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
Tr1	Type 1 regulatory T cells
TRIF	Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β
TXNIP	Thioredoxin-interacting protein
UACR	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1