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. 2026 Jun 23;15(13):4852. doi: 10.3390/jcm15134852
AF/AFL Atrial fibrillation/flutter
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
BMI Body mass index
BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
CKD Chronic kidney disease
CNS Central nervous system
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CV Cardiovascular
DKD Diabetic kidney disease
DR Diabetic retinopathy
eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
FIB-4 Fibrosis-4 index
HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin
HF Heart failure
HFmrEF Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
MR Mineralocorticoid receptor
MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
mPAP Mean pulmonary arterial pressure
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide
NYHA New York Heart Association
OIR Oxygen-induced retinopathy
OSA Obstructive sleep apnea
PAH Pulmonary arterial hypertension
RAAS Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RVSP Right ventricular systolic pressure
T2D Type 2 diabetes
UACR Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
VTC Vision-threatening complication