| sFRP4 | secreted frizzled-related protein 4 |
| sFRPs | secreted frizzled-related proteins sFRPs |
| TME | tumor microenvironment |
| CRD | cysteine-rich domain |
| FZD | Frizzled |
| GSK-3β | glycogen synthase kinase-3β |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| NLD | netrin-like domain |
| TFs | transcription factors |
| DNMT | DNA methyltransferase |
| CSCs | cancer stem cells |
| EAC | esophageal adenocarcinoma |
| PDAC | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
| 3′-UTR | 3′ untranslated region |
| ESCC | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| 5-aza-dC | 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine |
| EMT | epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| rsFRP4 | recombinant sFRP4 protein |
| PanIN | pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia |
| ASCs | adipose stromal cell |
| PSCs | pancreatic stellate cells |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| OSCC | oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| TCF/LEF | T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor |
| MM | malignant mesothelioma |
| GBM | glioblastoma |
| APL | acute promyelocytic leukemia |
| AML | acute myeloid leukemia |
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein |
| NACT | neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
| rhsFRP4 | recombinant human sFRP4 protein |
| TIO | tumor-induced osteomalacia |
| FGF23 | fibroblast growth factor 23 |
| CS–DS | chitosan–glucan sulfate |
| LRP5/6 | low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 |
| PLC | phospholipase C |
| IP3 | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| NFAT | nuclear factor of activated T-cells |
| PD-L1 | Programmed Death-Ligand 1 |
| PD-1 | Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 |
| DKK3 | Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 |
| METTL7B | Methyltransferase like 7B |
| MNS1 | Meiosis Specific Nuclear Structural 1 |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| BE | Barrett’s Esophagus |
| CC | Cervical Cancer |
| BC | Bladder Cancer |
| EC | Endometrial Cancer |
| OC | Ovarian Cancer |
| GC | Gastric Cancer |
| CRC | Colorectal Cancer |
| PCa | Prostate Cancer |
| HGSOC | High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer |