Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Variables | Total | Without SI | With SI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4006 | n = 3785 (94.5%) | n = 221 (5.5%) | ||
| N (Weight) | 18,128,673 | 17,268,490 (95.3%) | 860,183 (4.7%) | |
| Age (years, Mean ± SD) | 61.3 ± 12.9 | 61.4 ± 12.9 | 59.1 ± 12.7 | .010 |
| Gender, n (%) | .009 | |||
| Male | 2047 (51.1) | 1953 (51.6) | 94 (42.5) | |
| Female | 1959 (48.9) | 1832 (48.4) | 127 (57.5) | |
| Race Ethnicity, n (%) | .026 | |||
| Mexican American | 716 (17.9) | 669 (17.7) | 47 (21.3) | |
| Other Hispanic | 410 (10.2) | 376 (9.9) | 34 (15.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1400 (34.9) | 1326 (35) | 74 (33.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1108 (27.7) | 1057 (27.9) | 51 (23.1) | |
| Other Race-including multiracial | 372 (9.3) | 357 (9.4) | 15 (6.8) | |
| Marital Status, n (%) | .008 | |||
| Married | 2226 (55.6) | 2125 (56.1) | 101 (45.7) | |
| Widowed | 565 (14.1) | 533 (14.1) | 32 (14.5) | |
| Divorced | 541 (13.5) | 509 (13.4) | 32 (14.5) | |
| Separated | 160 (4.0) | 148 (3.9) | 12 (5.4) | |
| Never married | 358 (8.9) | 325 (8.6) | 33 (14.9) | |
| Living with partner | 156 (3.9) | 145 (3.8) | 11 (5) | |
| Education Level, n (%) | < .001 | |||
| < 9th Grade | 686 (17.1) | 632 (16.7) | 54 (24.4) | |
| 9–11th Grade | 674 (16.8) | 626 (16.5) | 48 (21.7) | |
| High School | 906 (22.6) | 864 (22.8) | 42 (19) | |
| Some College or AA degree | 1115 (27.8) | 1053 (27.8) | 62 (28.1) | |
| College Graduate or above | 625 (15.6) | 610 (16.1) | 15 (6.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2, Mean ± SD) | 32.5 ± 7.6 | 32.5 ± 7.5 | 33.9 ± 8.0 | .007 |
| Physical activity (MET-min/wk, Mean ± SD) |
1937.6 ± 4372.2 | 1953.6 ± 4383.6 | 1663.4 ± 4172.3 | .338 |
| Smoking, n (%) | < .001 | |||
| Never | 2019 (50.4) | 1933 (51.1) | 86 (38.9) | |
| Former | 1363 (34.0) | 1284 (33.9) | 79 (35.7) | |
| Current | 624 (15.6) | 568 (15.0) | 56 (25.3) | |
| Alcohol, n (%) | < .001 | |||
| Never | 741 (18.5) | 707 (18.7) | 34 (15.4) | |
| Former | 1116 (27.9) | 1026 (27.1) | 90 (40.7) | |
| Mild | 1293 (32.3) | 1242 (32.8) | 51 (23.1) | |
| Moderate | 372 (9.3) | 354 (9.4) | 18 (8.1) | |
| Heavy | 484 (12.1) | 456 (12.0) | 28 (12.7) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | .659 | |||
| No | 1011 (25.2) | 958 (25.3) | 53 (24.0) | |
| Yes | 2995 (74.8) | 2827 (74.7) | 168 (76.0) | |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | < .001 | |||
| No | 3605 (90.0) | 3423 (90.4) | 182 (82.4) | |
| Yes | 401 (10.0) | 362 (9.6) | 39 (17.6) | |
| Angina pectoris, n (%) | .113 | |||
| No | 3715 (92.7) | 3516 (92.9) | 199 (90.0) | |
| Yes | 291 (7.3) | 269 (7.1) | 22 (10.0) | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | .773 | |||
| No | 554 (13.8) | 522 (13.8) | 32 (14.5) | |
| Yes | 3452 (86.2) | 3263 (86.2) | 189 (85.5) | |
| Depression, n (%) | < .001 | |||
| No | 3490 (87.1) | 3412 (90.1) | 78 (35.3) | |
| Yes | 516 (12.9) | 373 (9.9) | 143 (64.7) | |
| Retinopathy, n (%) | .005 | |||
| No | 3177 (79.3) | 3018 (79.7) | 159 (71.9) | |
| Yes | 829 (20.7) | 767 (20.3) | 62 (28.1) |
AA = associate degree, BMI = body mass index, MET = metabolic equivalent task, n = number of participants, SD = standard deviation, SI = suicidal ideation.