ANOVA	Analysis of Variance
AR	Aspect Ratio Proxy
BGS	bimodal grain structure
CDRX	Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization
CI	confidence interval
DED	Directed Energy Deposition
DRX	dynamic recrystallization
EBSD	Electron Backscatter Diffraction
EDS	Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
ER4043	Al–Si welding wire/filler alloy (AWS designation)
FSP	friction stir processing
FSW	friction stir welding
HV	Vickers Hardness
IR	infrared
KDE	Kernel Density Estimate
MIG	Metal Inert Gas
PAW	plasma arc welding
ROI	Region of Interest
SEI	secondary electron imaging
SEM	scanning electron microscopy
SPD	severe plastic deformation
TIG	Tungsten Inert Gas
UAMFSP	Unified Additive–Deformation Manufacturing Process
WAAM	wire arc additive manufacturing