Table 3.

Descriptions of work ability clusters

Cluster title	Description
Cluster 1: Young people with intermediate to high education living alone in a city, good health	Includes young people (mean age 28 years), most of whom live alone and in a city. The cluster includes more people who live alone than any other cluster (88%). Additionally, 99.6% of them have no underaged children. Most have a secondary education degree, while 19% hold a higher education degree. More than two-thirds are men. They have little health challenges.
Cluster 2: Young women with low to intermediate education living in a relationship in a city, intermediate health	Includes young women (mean age 29 years) who live in a city. They typically have a low level of education, and over 60% of them are in a relationship without children. Additionally, more than 90% of them live together with another adult. They have some health challenges.
Cluster 3: Young men with low to intermediate education, living in a relationship in a city, good health	Includes young men (mean age 32 years) who live in a city. They typically have a low level of education, and over 60% of them are in a relationship without children. More than 90% of them live with another adult. The cluster includes more people working in construction, repair, manufacturing, process, and transport workers compared to other clusters. They have little health challenges.
Cluster 4: Middle-aged people with low to intermediate education living with a family, intermediate health	Includes middle-aged individuals (mean age 37 years), most of whom have a secondary degree education. The vast majority (88.9%) live in families with at least one child. This cluster typically has larger households, usually consisting of 3 to 5 people. Two-thirds of the individuals in this cluster are women. Over 14% speak a language other than Finnish or Swedish as their native language. They have some health challenges.
Cluster 5: Middle-aged people with high education living in a relationship in a city, good health	Includes middle-aged individuals (mean age 39 years), most of whom are in relationships without children (77%). Over 85% of them live in a city. The majority are women (83%), and nearly all (96%) have a higher degree education. More than half of the individuals in this cluster are professionals. They have little health challenges.
Cluster 6: Middle-aged women with high education living with a family, good health	Includes middle-aged women (mean age 43 years) who typically have a high level of education. Almost all of them (95%) live in families with children. This cluster has a higher proportion of technicians and associate professionals compared to other clusters. They have little health challenges.
Cluster 7: Middle-aged men with intermediate to high education living with a family, intermediate health	Includes middle-aged men (mean age 43 years), 60% of whom have a higher degree education. The vast majority live with another adult and at least one child. This cluster also has a higher proportion of leaders and more people who speak Swedish as their native language compared to other clusters. They have some health challenges.
Cluster 8: Over middle-aged people with high education, single parent households, poor health	Includes over middle-aged people (mean age 53 years), over 80% of whom have a high level of education. Almost all (96%) are women, and more than one-third are single parents. They have health challenges.
Cluster 9: Over middle-aged people with intermediate to high education living alone, poor health	Includes over middle-aged people (mean age 55 years old), most of whom (87%) live alone. About two-thirds of them are men. People in this cluster typically have a low level of education. The cluster also includes more people who speak Finnish as their native language than any other cluster. They have health challenges.
Cluster 10: Over middle-aged people with low to intermediate education living in a relationship in rural or densely populated areas, poor health	Includes over middle-aged people (mean age 56 years old), most of whom are in relationships and live with another adult. Over 40% of them live in rural areas, while about one-fourth reside in densely populated areas. The majority are women, and the cluster contains a higher proportion of farmers and people who speak Swedish as their native language compared to other clusters. They have health challenges.
Cluster 11: Over middle-aged people with intermediate to high education living in a relationship, poor health	Includes primarily over middle-aged people (mean age 59 years), who live in a relationship with no children aged under 18 living in the same household. Over 70% of them are men, and nearly half have a higher degree education. They have health challenges.