Table 3.
Comparison results of biochemical parameters according to groups
| Parameters | Group 1 | Group 1 (within-group p value)# | Group 2 | Group 2 (within-group p value) | p value between groups* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
RANKL (serum) (pg/mL; median (min-max)) |
T0 | 43.63 (8.58-126.66) | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 38.06(13.32–98.59) | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 0.308 |
| T1 | 56.17 (8.63-165.01) | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 36.74(17.78-131.98 | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 0.489 | |
| T2 | 53.4 (8.26-220.53) | 0.840 (T0-T2) | 42.66 (10.5-107.98) | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 0.127 | |
|
OPG (serum) (ng/mL; mean ± SD |
T0 | 1.23 ± 0.48 | 0.047 (T 0 -T 1 ) | 1.38 ± 0.51 | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 0.329 |
| T1 | 1.43 ± 0.44 | 0.012 (T 1 -T 2 ) | 1.44 ± 0.56 | 0.062 (T1-T2) | 0.917 | |
| T2 | 1.13 ± 0.48 | 0.861 (T0-T2) | 1.21 ± 0.49 | 0.192 (T0-T2) | 0.601 | |
|
RANKL/OPG (serum) (median (min-max)) |
T0 | 47.46 (6.21-174.52) | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 30.06 (7.48-442.14) | 0.368 (T0-T1) | 0.061 |
| T1 | 39.45 (4.9-127.11) | 0.010 (T 1 -T 2 ) | 31.89 (9.39-268.54) | 0.092 (T1-T2) | 0.505 | |
| T2 | 52.87 (6.31-174.46) | 0.092 (T0-T2) | 36.75 (7.16–210.5) | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 0.195 | |
|
MMP-8 (serum) (ng/mL; mean ± SD) |
T0 | 4.75 ± 1.91 | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 5.6 ± 1.51 | 0.133 (T0-T1) | 0.114 |
| T1 | 4.75 ± 1.92 | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 4.99 ± 1.47 | 0.739 (T1-T2) | 0.649 | |
| T2 | 4.64 ± 2.27 | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 5.41 ± 1.44 | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 0.197 | |
|
MDA (serum) (nmol/mL; mean ± SD |
T0 | 3.46 ± 0.47 | < 0.001(T 0 -T 1 ) | 3.32 ± 0.53 | < 0.001 (T 0 -T 1 ) | 0.365 |
| T1 | 2.62 ± 0.37 | 0.037 (T 1 -T 2 ) | 2.71 ± 0.29 | 0.005 (T 1 -T 2 ) | 0.367 | |
| T2 | 2.4 ± 0.36 | < 0.001 (T 0 -T 2 ) | 2.43 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 (T 0 -T 2 ) | 0.816 | |
|
GSH (serum) (mM; mean ± SD) |
T0 | 0.45 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 (T 0 -T 1 ) | 0.47 ± 0.11 | < 0.001 (T 0 -T 1 ) | 0.663 |
| T1 | 0.35 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 (T 1 -T 2 ) | 0.36 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 (T 1 -T 2 ) | 0.592 | |
| T2 | 0.46 ± 0.08 | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 0.47 ± 0.08 | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 0.909 | |
|
RANKL (GCF) (pg/mL; (mean ± SD) |
T0 | 14.01 ± 1.99 | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 13.96 ± 2.35 | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 0.933 |
| T1 | 14.13 ± 2.37 | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 14.07 ± 3.1 | 0.605 (T1-T2) | 0.945 | |
| T2 | 13.64 ± 1.97 | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 13.1 ± 1.7 | 0.470 (T0-T2) | 0.349 | |
|
OPG (GCF) (ng/mL) (median (min-max)) |
T0 | 0.10 (0.05–0.36) | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 0.12(0.06–0.29) | 0.368 (T0-T1) | 0.850 |
| T1 | 0.12(0.05–0.29) | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 0.12(0.06–0.50) | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 0.202 | |
| T2 | 0.10 (0.06–0.33) | 0.840 (T0-T2) | 0.14(0.05–0.28) | 0.269 (T0-T2) | 0.139 | |
|
RANKL/OPG (GCF) (median(min-max)) |
T0 | 133.2 (48.5-310.6) | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 112.1 (43.79-258.17) | 0.840 (T0-T1) | 0.012 |
| T1 | 128.6 (43.24–294.6) | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 97.75 (35.42–256.5) | 0.840 (T1-T2) | 0.141 | |
| T2 | 151.89(31.67-215.83) | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 93.54(49.32–236.8) | 0.092 (T0-T2) | 0.017 | |
|
MMP-8 (GCF) (ng/mL; (mean ± SD) |
T0 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.004 (T 0 -T 1 ) | 0.56 ± 0.05 | 0.002 (T 0 -T 1 ) | 0.477 |
| T1 | 0.62 ± 0.02 | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 0.61 ± 0.03 | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 0.370 | |
| T2 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.013 (T 0 -T 2 ) | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.001 (T 0 -T 2 ) | 1.000 | |
|
TAS (serum) (median (min-max)) |
T0 | 1 (0.98–1.01) | 0.651 (T0-T1) | 1 (0.94–1.02) | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 0.285 |
| T1 | 1 (0.97–1.01) | 0.021 (T 1 -T 2 ) | 1 (0.92–1.01) | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 0.477 | |
| T2 | 1 (0.98–1.03) | 0.428 (T0-T2) | 1 (0.96–1.01) | 0.840 (T0-T2) | 0.117 | |
|
TOS (serum) (median (min-max)) |
T0 | 33.29 (10.85-234.55) | 0.840 (T0-T1) | 30.98 (0.69-535.27) | 0.840 (T0-T1) | 0.372 |
| T1 | 24.29 (10.44-169.68) | 0.651 (T1-T2) | 36.92 (10.81-676.19) | 0.368 (T1-T2) | 0.274 | |
| T2 | 28.66 (9.2-286.76) | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 28.45 (6.6-152.7) | 0.026 (T 0 -T 2 ) | 0.715 | |
|
OSI (serum) (median (min-max)) |
T0 | 3.29 (1.09–23.93) | > 0.05 (T0-T1) | 12.43 (1.74-996.96) | 0.016 (T 0 -T 1 ) | 0.003 |
| T1 | 2.47 (1.04–17.13) | 0.368 (T1-T2) | 3.65 (1.08–68.3) | > 0.05 (T1-T2) | 0.320 | |
| T2 | 3.28 (1.32-910.89) | > 0.05 (T0-T2) | 4.31 (1.09–660) | 0.001 (T 0 -T 2 ) | 0.697 |
Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant difference
GCF gingival crevicular fluid, RANKL nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. OPG osteoprotegrin. MMP-8; matrix metalloproteinase-8; MDA; malondialdehyde. GSH; glutathione. TOS; total oxidant status. TAS; total antioxidant status. OSI; oxidative stress index. T0; baseline. T1; 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). T2; 6 months after NSPT. min: minimum. max; maximum. SD; standard deviation. RA; rheumatoid arthritis. Group 1; individuals with RA and periodontitis who were not receiving anti-TNF-α therapy. Group 2; individuals with RA and periodontitis under anti-TNF-α treatment for a minimum duration of one year. *: Independent Sample t Test or Mann Whitney-U Test. #: Generalized Linear Repeated Measures or Friedman test