Table 4.
T0-T2 comparison results of periodontal and biochemical parameters
| Parameters | Group 1 | Group 2 | p * |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0-T2 difference | |||
| PI (median (min-max)) | 0.41 (-0.2-1.52) | 0.16 (-0.25-3.8) | 0.044 |
| GI (median (min-max)) | 0.32 (-0.15-0.9) | 0.2 (-0.48-2.48) | 0.642 |
| BOP (%) (median (min-max)) | 12.88 (-2.8-72.75) | 17 (-14.75-53.75) | 0.744 |
| PPD (mm) (mean ± SD) | 0.25 ± 0.31 | 0.16 ± 0.45 | 0.244 |
| CAL (mm) (mean ± SD) | 0.26 ± 0.32 | 0.23 ± 0.41 | 0.395 |
| RANKL (Serum) (pg/mL) (median (min-max)) | -7.54 (-96.71-73.26) | 1.35 (-45.66-62.12) | 0.163 |
| OPG (Serum) (ng/mL; mean ± SD) | 0.1 ± 0.45 | 0.17 ± 0.35 | 0.281 |
| RANKL/OPG (GCF) (med (min-max)) | -11.91 (-61.76-74.89) | -2.42 (-86.32-231.64) | 0.058 |
| MMP-8 (Serum) (ng/mL; mean ± SD) | 0.11 ± 2.03 | 0.19 ± 1.69 | 0.439 |
| MDA (Serum) (nmol/mL; mean ± SD) | 1.06 ± 0.47 | 0.89 ± 0.6 | 0.156 |
| GSH (Serum) (mM; mean ± SD) | -0.01 ± 0.08 | 0 ± 0.12 | 0.379 |
| RANKL (GCF) (pg/mL; mean ± SD) | 0.37 ± 3.04 | 0.85 ± 2.34 | 0.285 |
| OPG (GCF) (ng/mL; (median (min-max)) | 0.01 (-0.22-0.11) | -0.03 (-0.16-0.1) | 0.089 |
| RANKL/OPG (Serum) (median (min-max)) | -6.56 (-127.05-153.6) | 26.8 (-47.66-187.52) | 0.099 |
| MMP-8 (GCF) (ng/mL; mean ± SD) | -0.04 ± 0.05 | -0.05 ± 0.06 | 0.271 |
| TAS (Serum) (median (min-max)) | 0 (-0.04-0.02) | -0.01 (-0.05-0.04) | 0.776 |
| TOS (Serum) (median (min-max)) | -1.68 (-217.41-112.8) | 19.12 (-57.77-382.57) | 0.019 |
| OSI (Serum) (median (min-max)) | -0.42 (-909.64-11.76) | 3.02 (-591-995.5) | 0.004 |
Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant difference
PI plaque index, GI gingival index, BOP bleeding on probing, PPD probing pocket depth, CAL clinical attachment loss, GCF gingival crevicular fluid, RANKL nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, OPG osteoprotegrin, MMP-8 matrix metalloproteinase-8. MDA malondialdehyde, GSH glutathione, TOS total oxidant status, TAS total antioxidant status, OSI oxidative stress index, T0; baseline, T2; 6 months after nonsurgical periodontal treatment, min: minimum, max; maximum, SD; standard deviation, RA; rheumatoid arthritis, Group 1; individuals with RA and periodontitis who were not receiving anti-TNF-α therapy, Group 2; individuals with RA and periodontitis under anti-TNF-α treatment for a minimum duration of one year. *: Independent Sample t Test or Mann Whitney-U Test