Table 2.

Gender differences in unfairness stress of the study sample. (N = 2843)

Variable	Male		Female		χ²(p)
	n	%	n	%
Unfairness-related health outcomes					8.273, p = 0.004
Yes	580	41.2	515	35.9
No	829	58.8	919	64.1
Unfairness stress coping					38.700, p < 0.001
Avoidant coping	297	21.1	233	16.2
Active coping	550	39.0	526	36.7
Social support–seeking coping	417	29.6	558	38.9
Confrontive coping	46	3.3	20	1.4
Other coping strategies	99	7.0	97	6.8
Income unfairness a					11.300, p = 0.001
Yes	222	15.8	164	11.4
No	1187	84.2	1270	88.6
Educational unfairness a					6.614, p = 0.010
Yes	233	16.5	188	13.1
No	1176	83.5	1246	86.9
Promotion unfairness a					6.471, p = 0.011
Yes	240	17.0	195	13.6
No	1169	83.0	1239	86.4
Medical unfairness a					6.355, p = 0.012
Yes	232	16.5	188	13.1
No	1177	83.5	1246	86.9
Work unfairness a					6.070, p = 0.014
Yes	219	15.5	177	12.3
No	1190	84.5	1257	87.7
Pension unfairness a					6.028, p = 0.014
Yes	208	14.8	167	11.6
No	1201	85.2	1267	88.4
Others unfairness a					10.768, p = 0.001
Yes	234	16.6	176	12.3
No	1175	83.4	1257	87.7
Life stress					4.614, p = 0.032
Severe stress	625	44.4	579	40.4
No severe stress	784	55.6	855	59.6

Abbreviations:

^a A variable corresponds to a single item from the seven-item unfair stress scale and reflects perceived stress within that specific domain

Bold values indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05)