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. 2026 Jul 1;14:1873901. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2026.1873901

TABLE 4.

Correlation analysis between fundus parameters and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Ocular fundus parameters BMI GA SBP DBP UA 24hUP
r p r p r p r p r p r p
FD −0.025 0.833 −0.075 0.533 −0.048 0.686 −0.036 0.765 −0.087 0.516 −0.077 0.613
VD1.0–1.5pd −0.061 0.609 −0.107 0.371 −0.187 0.116 −0.167 0.162 −0.154 0.247 −0.395** 0.007
VD_fovea −0.232 0.051 −0.185 0.123 −0.222 0.062 −0.197 0.099 −0.181 0.179 −0.320* 0.032
AD −0.169 0.157 −0.378** 0.001 −0.236* 0.046 −0.436** <0.001 −0.614** <0.001 −0.303* 0.041
AVR −0.15 0.21 −0.343** 0.003 −0.265* 0.024 −0.324** 0.005 −0.444** <0.001 −0.315* 0.033
AD0.5–1.0pd −0.115 0.337 −0.367** 0.002 −0.225 0.057 −0.441** <0.001 −0.478** <0.001 −0.237 0.112
MVD −0.188 0.117 −0.171 0.154 −0.273* 0.021 −0.535** <0.001 −0.458** <0.001 −0.476** 0.001
VT 0.011 0.925 0.208 0.08 0.08 0.506 0.386** 0.001 0.236 0.074 −0.046 0.762
AT0.5–1.0pd −0.158 0.186 −0.1 0.405 −0.221 0.062 −0.247* 0.036 −0.307* 0.019 −0.410** 0.005
ABA 0.146 0.226 0.048 0.693 −0.173 0.153 −0.141 0.245 −0.087 0.521 −0.389** 0.007
VCDR 0.03 0.803 0.423** <0.001 0.262* 0.026 0.404** <0.001 0.095 0.479 0.078 0.605
FTD −0.046 0.7 −0.228 0.054 −0.275* 0.02 −0.296* 0.012 −0.02 0.882 −0.234 0.118

FD, vascular fractal dimension in the inferior optic disc region; VD1.0–1.5PD, vascular density at 1.0–1.5 PD, from the optic disc margin; VD_fovea, vascular density within 5 mm of the fovea centralis; AD, arterial diameter; AVR, arteriovenous diameter ratio; AD0.5–1.0PD, mean arterial diameter at 0.5–1.0 PD, from the optic disc margin; MVD, mean venous diameter within 3 mm of the fovea centralis; VT, venous tortuosity; AT0.5–1.0PD, mean arterial tortuosity at 0.5–1.0 PD, from the optic disc margin; ABA, mean arterial branching angle; VCDR, vertical cup-to-disc ratio; FTD, density of fundus tessellation; GA, gestational age; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; UA, serum uric acid; 24hUP, 24-h urinary protein. R indicates the correlation coefficient, P indicates the result of the significance test. Spearman correlation analysis was used in this study.

*

indicates p < 0.05.

**

indicates p < 0.01.