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. 2026 Jul 15;30(8):326. doi: 10.1007/s00784-026-07035-y

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Distribution of salivary IgA levels by three categories of DMFT, Tooth decay (ICDAS > 3), Physical activity, and Physical fitness. DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) was categorized to DMFT < 11 (N = 326), 11–19 (N = 929), and > 19 (N = 302), and DT (Decayed teeth) to 0 (N = 947), 1–3 (N = 493), and > 3 (N = 117) dentine caries lesions. Physical activity and physical fitness were categorized as the lowest 10%, middle 80%, and highest 10% of the distribution. Total sample sizes varied between analyses (N = 1,479–1,557)