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. 2026 May 15;16:22200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-52573-w

Table 3.

(Abdomen): Comparison of IMPT, conventional MSC positioning (Conv), JDPO12, single-MSC MIP optimization (CPO-S), and multiple-MSC MIP optimization (CPO-M). The PVDR and Dmean values are calculated in 2D BEV slices indicated by green lines in Fig. 5(a).

IMPT Conv JDPO CPO-S CPO-M
Target Time (secs) 205.30 505.08 382.63 607.18 591.42
Dmax 119.77% 123.52% 129.13% 123.31% 123.31%
Large bowel Dmax (Gy) 23.55 23.81 25.66 24.16 24.16
Dmean (Gy) 0.97 0.87 1.15 0.87 0.87
Small bowel Dmax (Gy) 2.98 4.49 5.09 4.04 4.04
Dmean (Gy) 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05
Body Dmean (Gy) 1.12 1.13 1.09 1.13 1.13
PVDR (0º) 6.18 13.06 14.95 12.78 12.78
PVDR (120º) 5.24 11.54 11.28 11.73 11.73
PVDR (240º) 6.48 8.16 9.13 8.11 8.11