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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Public Health. 2026 Jun 18;116(9):1358–1368. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2026.308470

TABLE 3—

Odds of 7-Day Readmission for Patients With a Non-English Primary Language at Language-Serving and Non–Language-Serving Hospitals: New Jersey State Inpatient Database, 2010–2022

Language Spoken Unadjusted OR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI)a
All non-English languages 0.72 (0.40, 1.28) 0.49 (0.25, 0.96)
Spanish 0.71 (0.37, 1.35) 0.52 (0.25, 1.08)
Common non-English, non-Spanish languagesb 0.63 (0.31, 1.25) 0.58 (0.28, 1.18)
Rare non-English, non-Spanish languagesc 0.69 (0.39, 1.23) 0.67 (0.38, 1.16)

Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Reference group is non–language-serving hospitals.

a

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, discharge year, insurance type, Elixhauser comorbidity index score, admission urgency, neighborhood median household income, and patient–hospital county concordance.

b

We considered Arabic, Portuguese, and Korean to be common non-English, non-Spanish languages.

c

We considered all reported languages other than English, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, and Korean to be rare non-English, non-Spanish languages.