Table 2.
Primary analyses.
| Primary analyses | Number of studies | Number of participants | Effect size (95% CI) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise plus supplementation vs. supplementation | ||||||
| Skeletal muscle mass | 13 | 774 | 0.45 (0.16, 0.74) | 0.002 | ||
| Muscle strength | 12 | 738 | 0.45 (0.10, 0.81) | 0.01 | ||
| Physical performance | 10 | 552 | 0.13 (-0.14, 0.40) | 0.35 | ||
| Exercise vs. supplementation | ||||||
| Skeletal muscle mass | 10 | 646 | 0.04 (-0.27, 0.34) | 0.82 | ||
| Muscle strength | 10 | 646 | -0.00 (-0.16,0.15) | 0.96 | ||
| Physical perfomance | 8 | 469 | 0.17 (-0.22, 0.55) | 0.40 | ||
| Resistance exercise vs. aerobic exercise | ||||||
| Skeletal muscle mass | 2 | 70 | 0.93 (0.43, 1.43) | 0.0001 | ||
| Muscle strength | 2 | 70 | 0.46 (-0.01, 0.94) | 0.06 | ||