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β-Adrenergic cardiac response in intact animals measured with a microcatheter placed in the left ventricle. (A) Heart rates; (B) left-ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP); (C) maximal contraction rates (dP/dtmax, in thousands); (D) maximal relaxation rates (dP/dtmin, in thousands). Isoproterenol was intravenously given as a bolus as indicated. ∗∗, P < 0.001 versus the wild type.
