Table 1. Published Experience of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With MS.

Study	Cancer type	ICI	MS status	DMT management	Neurological outcome
Androdias et al, 2024 [7]	Various	Anti–PD-1/PD-L1	RRMS/SPMS	DMT discontinued in most	17% MS activity, mainly younger patients
Gelipter et al, 2024 [8]	Various	Mixed ICIs	Mixed	Variable	Low relapse rate overall
Present case	Endometrial cancer	Dostarlimab	RRMS	Ozanimod discontinued	No relapse or MRI activity at 12 months

Overview of selected published reports and cohorts describing ICI use in patients with MS. MS: multiple sclerosis; DMTs: disease-modifying therapies; ICIs: immune checkpoint inhibitors; PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; RRMS: relapsing-remitting MS; SPMS: secondary progressive MS; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.