Table 1.
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for patients, cargivers,and healthcare providers.
| Participants | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Healthcare professionals (physicians, rehabilitation therapists, and nurses) | (1) Extensive clinical experience in post-TKA care | (1) Limited experience managing patients with kinesiophobia after TKA |
| (2) Voluntary participation and ability to communicate effectively | (2) Declined to participant | |
| Patients | (1) Age ≥ 18 years and provided written informed consent | (1) Severe mental illness, cognitive impairment, or language difficulties precluding effective participation in interviews |
| (2) Underwent primary unilateral TKA(regardless of surgical approach or prothesis type) | (2) Severe comorbidities compromising study participation, including significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal insufficiency, or malignant tumors | |
| (3) Diagnosed with kinesiophobia (score ≥ 37on the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, TSK-17) by the attending nurse based on clinical presentation and scale assessment at first ambulation post-surgery | (3) Declined participation or withdrew from the study | |
| (4) Voluntary participation and ability to communicate effectively | ||
| Caregivers | (1) Age 18 years and provided written informed consent | (1) Severe physical illness, mental disorders, or language difficulties precluding effective participation in interviews |
| (2) Identified as the primary caregiver for a patient meeting the eligibility criteria during the postoperative period | (2) Declined participation or withdrew from the study | |
| (3) Lives with patient or provide daily hands-on care | ||
| (4) Voluntary participation and ability to communicate effectively |
Each patient was matched with one corresponding primary caregiver. Healthcare providers were recruited based on their involvement in perioperative care, without requiring matching to individual patients.