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. 2026 May 2;100(8):3443–3461. doi: 10.1007/s00204-026-04421-z

Table 2.

Literature data for fitting or validation of the model

Data Species n Study duration (days) BW mean at study begin (kg) Exposure Exposure duration (days) Fitted parameters Matrix for fitting Predicted matrix Refs
Fitting Male beef cattle 3 28 329 8000 μg/kg Single bolus ka, Fa, Jmaxinvivo, Km Feces, urine Plasma, liver, kidney, muscle Lupton et al. (2014)
Female dairy sheep 2 42 63

1.16 μg/kg/day

1.45 μg/kg/day

21 ka, Fa, Kmammary, Jmaxinvivoa, kma Plasma, feces, milk Liver, kidney, muscle Kowalczyk et al. (2012)
Male broiler chicken 6 231 1.5 0.085 μg/kg/day 102 ka, Jmaxinvivo, kma Plasmab Tarazona et al. (2015)
Validation Male, female beef cattle 2–4 343 308

98 μg/kg

9090 μg/kg

Single bolus Plasma, liver, kidney, muscle Lupton et al. (2015)
Non-dairy sheep 8 112 24 0.0208 μg/kg/day 56 or 112 Liver Zafeiraki et al. (2016)
Male laying chicken 12 42 0.04 100 or 1000 μg/kg/dose 21 (ten doses) Blood, liver, kidney Yeung et al. (2009)

aSame as cattle

bOriginally serum