Skip to main content
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior logoLink to Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
. 1966 May;9(3):205–212. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-205

Conditioned acceleration and conditioned suppression in pigeons1

Harold Leitenberg
PMCID: PMC1338180  PMID: 5932107

Abstract

Two experiments were performed to investigate the effects on pigeons' keypecking behavior of stimuli that signal different kinds of aversive events: time-out from positive reinforcement, electric shock, loud noise, and loud tone. Behavior maintained by a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement was suppressed by a stimulus before shock, was accelerated by a stimulus before time-out from positive reinforcement, and was unchanged by a stimulus before loud noise or a stimulus before loud tone. Conditioned acceleration with time-out from positive reinforcement and conditioned suppression with shock were obtained regardless of whether a response contingent or response-independent procedure was employed.

Full text

PDF
205

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AMSEL A. Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: some recent history and a theoretical extension. Psychol Rev. 1962 Jul;69:306–328. doi: 10.1037/h0046200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. AMSEL A. The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous reward situations. Psychol Bull. 1958 Mar;55(2):102–119. doi: 10.1037/h0043125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. ANNAU Z., KAMIN L. J. The conditioned emotional response as a function of intensity of the US. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1961 Aug;54:428–432. doi: 10.1037/h0042199. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. AZRIN N. H. A technique for delivering shock to pigeons. J Exp Anal Behav. 1959 Apr;2:161–163. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1959.2-161. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. HOFFMAN H. S., FLESHLER M. STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE EFFECTS OF RESPONSE CONTINGENT SHOCK. J Exp Anal Behav. 1965 Mar;8:89–96. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1965.8-89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. HOFFMAN H. S., FLESHLER M. Stimulus factors in aversive controls: the generalization of conditioned suppression. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Oct;4:371–378. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-371. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. HOLZ W. C., AZRIN N. H. A comparison of several procedures for eliminating behavior. J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jul;6:399–406. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. HUNT H. F., BRADY J. V. Some effects of punishment and intercurrent anxiety on a simple operant. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1955 Aug;48(4):305–310. doi: 10.1037/h0042529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. LYON D. O. Frequency of reinforcement as a parameter of conditioned suppression. J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jan;6:95–98. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-95. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Leitenberg H. Is time-out from positive reinforcement an aversive event? A review of the experimental evidence. Psychol Bull. 1965 Dec;64(6):428–441. doi: 10.1037/h0022657. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. NOTTERMAN J. M. Force emission during bar pressing. J Exp Psychol. 1959 Nov;58:341–347. doi: 10.1037/h0042801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. PLISKOFF S. S. RATE-CHANGE EFFECTS WITH EQUAL POTENTIAL REINFORCEMENTS DURING THE "WARNING" STIMULUS. J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Oct;6:557–562. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. PLISKOFF S. Rate-change effects during a pre-schedule-change stimulus. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Oct;4:383–386. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-383. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Stein L., Sidman M., Brady J. V. Some effects of Two Temporal Variables on Conditioned Suppression. J Exp Anal Behav. 1958 Apr;1(2):153–162. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1958.1-153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. THOMPSON T. Effect of chlorpromazine on "aggressive" responding in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1961 Aug;54:398–400. doi: 10.1037/h0048753. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. THOMPSON T. The effect of two phenothiazines and a barbiturate on extinction-induced rate increase of a free operant. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1962 Oct;55:714–718. doi: 10.1037/h0042626. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. WAGNER A. R. Conditioned frustration as a learned drive. J Exp Psychol. 1963 Aug;66:142–148. doi: 10.1037/h0047714. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. WAGNER A. R. The role of reinforcement and nonreinforcement in an apparent frustration effect. J Exp Psychol. 1959 Feb;57(2):130–136. doi: 10.1037/h0047041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior are provided here courtesy of Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

RESOURCES