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. 2026 May 19;16:22803. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-53203-1

Table 2.

Basic information on land-cover products.

Dataset Producer/Institution Primary data sources Classification method Resolution
ESRI-GLC10 Impact Observatory and Esri7 Sentinel-2 optical imagery and manually dense markup U-Net CNN 10 m
ChinaCropland10m Fuzhou University11 Sentinel-1 SAR data and Sentinel-2 optical imagery VSPS algorithm and MILS method 10 m
SinoLC-1 Wuhan University10 1 m Google imagery; three 10 m land-cover maps (weak labels); OpenStreetMap L2HNet framework 1 m

Note: Abbreviations used in this Table 2 include U-Net CNN (U-Net Convolutional Neural Network), VSPS (Vegetation–Soil–Pigment–SAR), MILS (Mapping cropping Intensity based on combined consideration of vegetative and productive Stages), and L2HNet (Low-to-High Network).