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Multimodal cross-channel coupling analysis. The lower-triangle heatmap illustrates the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients among the subjective NASA-TLX scores, visual (pupil diameter, blink rate), central (EI, FI, frontal Beta, parieto-occipital Alpha), and autonomic (LF/HF ratio, RMSSD) metrics. Asterisks indicate statistical significance after FDR correction: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
