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. 2026 Jul 8;17:1842189. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1842189

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Copyright © 2026 Wang, Zhou, Yue, Ren and Yao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Twelve labeled photographs arranged in a grid show different weed species: Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis with blue flowers, Eleusine indica, Setaria viridis, Erigeron canadensis, Eclipta prostrata, Digitaria sanguinalis, Kalimeris indica, Alternanthera sessilis, Leptochloa chinensis, Cirsium setosum, and Portulaca oleracea. Each plant appears in its natural soil or vegetation environment. — Weed images in rice paddy fields.