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. 2026 Mar 28;40(8):893–902. doi: 10.1007/s12149-026-02198-w

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — The top panel illustrates stage migration from TNM 8 to TNM 9, highlighting cases upstaged from IIIA to IIIB. The bottom panel presents Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing OS between patients whose stage remained unchanged in IIIA or IIIB and those up-staged from IIIA to IIIB. Stage IIIA (left graph): Upstaged patients had a lower OS compared to patients whose stage remained unchanged in IIIA, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.085). The 5-year OS was 35% up-staged group and 46% was an unchanged group. Stage IIIB (right graph): OS was similar between the up-staged group and patients whose stage remained unchanged (p = 0.37). 5-year OS was 35% up-staged group and 39% was an unchanged group