Table 3.
Univariate analysis of radiographic and ultrasound signs.
| Imaging sign | Surgical (n = 88, %) | Conservative (n = 421, %) | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiographic signs | ||||
| Intestinal gas | 86 (97.7) | 389 (92.4) | 3.54 (0.83–15.04) | 0.097 |
| Rigid bowel course | 20 (22.7) | 59 (14.0) | 1.80 (1.02–3.19) | 0.059 |
| Widened interloop spacing | 42 (47.7) | 177 (42.0) | 1.26 (0.79–2.00) | 0.389 |
| Fixed bowel loop | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | – | 1.000 |
| Equivocal intramural gas | 16 (18.2) | 56 (13.3) | 1.45 (0.79–2.67) | 0.305 |
| Pneumatosis intestinalis | 13 (14.8) | 17 (4.0) | 4.12 (1.92–8.83) | <0.001 |
| Portal venous gas | 18 (20.5) | 2 (0.5) | 53.87 (12.23–237.28) | <0.001 |
| Pneumoperitoneum | 6 (6.8) | 2 (0.5) | 15.33 (3.04–77.29) | <0.001 |
| Ultrasound signs | ||||
| Intestinal gas | 86 (97.7) | 408 (96.9) | 1.37 (0.30–6.18) | 1.000 |
| Bowel-wall thickening | 34 (38.6) | 58 (13.8) | 3.94 (2.36–6.57) | <0.001 |
| Bowel-wall ischaemia | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 1.000 |
| Equivocal intramural gas | 2 (2.3) | 6 (1.4) | 1.61 (0.32–8.10) | 0.632 |
| Pneumatosis intestinalis | 41 (46.6) | 94 (22.3) | 3.03 (1.88–4.89) | <0.001 |
| Portal venous gas | 24 (27.3) | 39 (9.3) | 3.67 (2.07–6.52) | <0.001 |
| Peritoneal effusion | 62 (70.5) | 55 (13.1) | 15.87 (9.26–27.19) | <0.001 |
| Complex peritoneal effusion | 24 (27.3) | 2 (0.5) | 78.56 (18.13–340.43) | <0.001 |
Compared by the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.